Averaging Strategy to Form the Imaging for Routine Reading of Insulinoma from Pancreatic Perfusion Dataset / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To determine the appropriate averaging strategy for pancreatic perfusion datasets to create images for routine reading of insulinoma.Methods Thirty-nine patients undergoing pancreatic perfusion CT in Peking Union Medical College Hospital and diagnosed as insulinoma by pathology were enrolled in this retrospective study.The time-density curve of abdominal aorta calculated by software dynamic angio was used to decide the timings for averaging.Five strategies,by averaging 3,5,7,9 and 11 dynamic scans in perfusion,all including peak enhancement of the abdominal aorta,were investigated in the study.The image noise,pancreas signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),lesion contrast and lesion contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)were recorded and compared.Besides,overall image quality and insulinoma depiction were also compared.ANOVA and Friedman's test were performed.Results The image noise decreased and the SNR of pancreas increased with the increase in averaging time points(all P0.99)and were higher than that of the first group(all P<0.05).There was no significant difference in overall image quality among the 5 groups(P=0.977).Conclusions Image averaged from 5 scans showed moderate image noise,pancreas SNR and relatively high lesion contrast and lesion CNR.Therefore,it is advised to be used in image averaging to detect insulinoma.

Hipoglucemia tumoral dependiente y no dependiente de células ß-pancreáticas, un reto diagnóstico / Tumor and non-tumor mediated hypoglycemia by pancreatic beta cells, a diagnostic challenge

La hipoglucemia es una urgencia médica frecuente que en la mayoría de los casos es secundaria al uso de fármacos hipoglucemiantes, orales o inyectados, indicados en pacientes con diabetes mellitus. No obstante, puede presentarse en forma espontánea y severa relacionándose con múltiples condiciones clínicas, incluyendo las neoplasias. Ante una hipoglucemia de origen paraneoplásico se deben reconocer los mecanismos fisiopatológicos que la generan y establecer el diagnóstico oportuno y preciso para disminuir las complicaciones propias de este síndrome clínico. Presentamos dos pacientes con cuadro de hipoglucemia refractaria al manejo médico inicial, de aparición similar con patologías diferentes. El primer caso corresponde a un paciente con insulinoma y el segundo con un hemangiopericitoma.

Hypoglycemia is a common medical emergency which is mostly secondary to the use of oral or injected hypoglycemic drugs indicated in patients with diabetes mellitus. However, it can present spontaneously and severely in relation to multiple clinical conditions, including neoplasms. When faced with hypoglycemia associated with paraneoplastic disorders, the pathophysiological mechanisms of hypoglycemia must be recognized and a timely and accurate diagnosis must be established in order to diminish complications inherent to this clinical syndrome. We herein present two patients with hypoglycemia refractory to initial medical management, sharing similar appearance with other pathologies. The first case corresponds to a patient with an insulinoma and the second to a patient with a hemangiopericytoma.

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 Presenting as Hypoglycemia due to Insulinoma

Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) mutation is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the occurrence of parathyroid, pancreatic islet, and anterior pituitary tumors. The incidence of insulinoma in MEN is relatively uncommon, and there have been a few cases of MEN manifested with insulinoma as the first symptom in children. We experienced a 9-year-old girl having a familial MEN1 mutation. She complained of dizziness, occasional palpitation, weakness, hunger, sweating, and generalized tonic-clonic seizure that lasted for 5 minutes early in the morning. At first, she was only diagnosed with insulinoma by abdominal magnetic resonance images of a 1.3 × 1.5 cm mass in the pancreas and high insulin levels in blood of the hepatic vein, but after her father was diagnosed with MEN1. We found she had familial MEN1 mutation, and she recovered hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia after enucleation of the mass. Therefore, the early genetic identification of MEN1 mutation is considerable for children with at least one manifestation.

Insulinoma, a propósito de dos casos / Insulinoma, a propos of two cases

El Insulinoma es el tumor neuroendocrino pancreático más frecuente. Se manifiesta por signos adrenérgicos y de neuroglucopenia. Su diagnóstico se confirma documentando la existencia de hipoglucemia junto a una inapropiada secreción de insulina. Se desarrollan a partir de las células de los islotes de Langerhans. Tanto los funcionantes como los no funcionantes son embriológica e histológicamente muy similares y sólo difieren en su capacidad para producir o no hormonas. Presentamos 2 casos de insulinomas cuya localización tumoral no fue posible con técnicas de imagen convencionales, pero sí con ultrasonografía transoperatoria. La evolución fue favorable con remisión total de los síntomas(AU)

Insulinoma is the most common neuroendocrine pancreatic tumor. It manifests with adrenergic and neuroglycopenia signs. Its diagnosis is confirmed by documenting the existence of hypoglycemia together with inadequate insulin secretion. They developed from Langerhans islet cells and both functioning and non-functioning ones are embryologically and histologically very similar and just differ in their capacity to produce hormones or not. Here are two insulinoma cases where tumoral location was not possible with the conventional imaging techniques but with transoperative ultrasonography. The progression was favorable with total remission of symptoms(AU)

Utilidad de la ecografía intraoperatoria para la resección de un insulinoma en la cabeza del páncreas / Usefulness of intraoperative echography for resection of a insulinoma located in the head of pancreas

El insulinoma es la neoplasia más frecuente entre los tumores neuroendocrinos del páncreas. En el presente trabajo se describe el cuadro clínico, los exámenes de laboratorio e imaginológicos y los aspectos quirúrgicos y complicaciones de una paciente con diagnóstico clínico de insulinoma, sin evidencias por imágenes preoperatorias. La cirugía se indicó sobre la base de las evidencias clínicas y analíticas de hipoglucemia e hiperinsulinemia, y la realización de una laparotomía exploradora donde no se encontró lesión alguna con la palpación directa del páncreas. Se utilizó la ecografía intraoperatoria y se localizó un nódulo de 0,8 cm de diámetro en la cabeza de este órgano. Tras la enucleación se presentó, como complicación posoperatoria, una fístula pancreática de bajo gasto que remitió espontáneamente. El diagnóstico histológico fue de insulinoma benigno. La paciente presentó reversión clínica de los síntomas, además de la normalización de los valores de glucemia, comparados con los preoperatorios(AU)

The insulinoma is the more frequent neoplasms among the neuroendocrine tumors of pancreas. The aim of present paper is to describe the clinical picture, laboratory and imaging examinations and the surgical features as well as the complications in a patient diagnosed with insulinoma without evidences by preoperative images. Surgery was prescribed on the base of clinical and analytic evidences of hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinism and the carrying out of an exploratory laparatomy without any lesion with direct palpation of pancreas. Intraoperative echography was used to locate a 0,8 cm nodule in the head of pancreas. After enucleation the only postoperative complication was a low-flow pancreatic fistula with a spontaneous remission. The histological diagnosis was a benign insulinoma. Patient had a clinical reversion of symptoms in addition to normalization of glycemia values, compared to those intraoperative(AU)